1
TM
File Number 2864.4
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
1-888-INTERSIL or 321-724-7143
|
Intersil and Design is a trademark of Intersil Americas Inc.
Copyright © Intersil Americas Inc. 2001, All Rights Reserved
ICL8038
Precision Waveform Generator/Voltage
Controlled Oscillator
The ICL8038 waveform generator is a monolithic integrated circuit capable of producing high accuracy sine, square, triangular, sawtooth and pulse waveforms with a minimum of external components. The frequency (or repetition rate) can be selected externally from 0.001Hz to more than 300kHz using either resistors or capacitors, and frequency modulation and sweeping can be accomplished with an external voltage. The ICL8038 is fabricated with advanced monolithic technology, using Schottky barrier diodes and thin film resistors, and the output is stable over a wide range of temperature and supply variations. These devices may be interfaced with phase locked loop circuitry to reduce temperature drift to less than 250ppm/
o
C.
Features
• Low Frequency Drift with Temperature . . . . . 250ppm/
o
C
• Low Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1% (Sine Wave Output)
• High Linearity . . . . . . . . . . .0.1% (Triangle Wave Output)
• Wide Frequency Range . . . . . . . . . . . .0.001Hz to 300kHz
• Variable Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% to 98%
• High Level Outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TTL to 28V
• Simultaneous Sine, Square, and Triangle Wave
Outputs
• Easy to Use - Just a Handful of External Components
Required
Pinout
ICL8038
(PDIP, CERDIP)
TOP VIEW
Functional Diagram
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
STABILITY
TEMP. RANGE (
o
C)
PACKAGE
PKG. NO.
ICL8038CCPD 250ppm/
o
C (Typ)
0 to 70
14 Ld PDIP
E14.3
ICL8038CCJD 250ppm/
o
C (Typ)
0 to 70
14 Ld CERDIP
F14.3
ICL8038BCJD 180ppm/
o
C (Typ)
0 to 70
14 Ld CERDIP
F14.3
ICL8038ACJD 120ppm/
o
C (Typ)
0 to 70
14 Ld CERDIP
F14.3
SINE
TRIANGLE
DUTY CYCLE
V+
FM BIAS
NC
NC
SINE WAVE
V- OR GND
TIMING
SQUARE
FM SWEEP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
ADJUST
CAPACITOR
WAVE OUT
INPUT
SINE WAVE
ADJUST
WAVE OUT
OUT
FREQUENCY
ADJUST
COMPARATOR
#1
COMPARATOR
#2
FLIP-FLOP
SINE
CONVERTER
BUFFER
BUFFER
9
2
11
I
10
6
V+
V- OR GND
CURRENT
SOURCE
#1
CURRENT
SOURCE
#2
2I
C
3
Data Sheet
April 2001
[ /Title (ICL80 38) /Sub- ject (Preci- sion Wave- form Gener- ator/Vo ltage Con- trolled Oscil- lator) /Autho r () /Key- words (Inter- sil Corpo- ration, semi- con- ductor, wave- form genera- tor, volt- age con- trolled oscilla- tor, preci- sion,
OBSOL
ETE PR
ODUCT
NO REC
OMMEN
DED RE
PLACEM
ENT
contact
our Tec
hnical S
upport C
enter at
1-888-IN
TERSIL
or www
.intersil
.com/ts
c
2
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Thermal Information
Supply Voltage (V- to V+) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36V Input Voltage (Any Pin) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V- to V+ Input Current (Pins 4 and 5). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25mA Output Sink Current (Pins 3 and 9) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25mA
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range
ICL8038AC, ICL8038BC, ICL8038CC . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
o
C to 70
o
C
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1)
Θ
JA
(
o
C/W)
Θ
JC
(
o
C/W)
CERDIP Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
75
20
PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
115
N/A
Maximum Junction Temperature (Ceramic Package) . . . . . . . .175
o
C
Maximum Junction Temperature (Plastic Package) . . . . . . . .150
o
C
Maximum Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . -65
o
C to 150
o
C
Maximum Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
o
C
Die Characteristics
Back Side Potential . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V-
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in †śAbsolute Maximum Ratings†ť may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE:
1.
Θ
JA
is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Electrical Specifications
V
SUPPLY
=
±10V or +20V, T
A
= 25
o
C, R
L
= 10k
Ω, Test Circuit Unless Otherwise Specified
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST
CONDITIONS
ICL8038CC
ICL8038BC
ICL8038AC
UNITS
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
Supply Voltage Operating Range
V
SUPPLY
V+
Single Suppl
y
+10
-
+30
+10
-
+30
+10
-
+30
V
V+, V-
Dual Supplies
±5
-
±15
±5
-
±15
±5
-
±15
V
Supply Current
I
SUPPLY
V
SUPPLY
=
±10V
(Note 2)
12
20
-
12
20
-
12
20
mA
FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS (All Waveforms)
Max. Frequency of Oscillation
f
MAX
100
-
-
100
-
-
100
-
-
kHz
Sweep Frequency of FM Input
f
SWEEP
-
10
-
-
10
-
-
10
-
kHz
Sweep FM Range
(Note 3)
-
35:1
-
-
35:1
-
-
35:1
-
FM Linearity
10:1 Ratio
-
0.5
-
-
0.2
-
-
0.2
-
%
Frequency Drift with Temperature (Note 5)
Δf/ΔT
0
o
C to 70
o
C
-
250
-
-
180
-
-
120
ppm/
o
C
Frequency Drift with Supply Voltage
Δf/ΔV
Over Supply
Voltage Range
-
0.05
-
-
0.05
-
0.05
-
%/V
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Square Wave
Leakage Current
I
OLK
V
9
= 30V
-
-
1
-
-
1
-
-
1
μA
Saturation Voltage
V
SAT
I
SINK
= 2mA
-
0.2
0.5
-
0.2
0.4
-
0.2
0.4
V
Rise Time
t
R
R
L
= 4.7k
Ω
-
180
-
-
180
-
-
180
-
ns
Fall Time
t
F
R
L
= 4.7k
Ω
-
40
-
-
40
-
-
40
-
ns
Typical Duty Cycle Adjust (Note 6)
ΔD
2
98
2
-
98
2
-
98
%
Triangle/Sawtooth/Ramp
-
Amplitude
V
TRIAN-
GLE
R
TRI
= 100k
Ω
0.30 0.33
-
0.30 0.33
-
0.30 0.33
-
xV
SUPPLY
Linearity
-
0.1
-
-
0.05
-
-
0.05
-
%
Output Impedance
Z
OUT
I
OUT
= 5mA
-
200
-
-
200
-
-
200
-
Ω
ICL8038
3
Sine Wave
Amplitude
V
SINE
R
SINE
= 100k
Ω
0.2
0.22
-
0.2
0.22
-
0.2
0.22
-
xV
SUPPLY
THD
THD
R
S
= 1M
Ω
(Note 4)
-
2.0
5
-
1.5
3
-
1.0
1.5
%
THD Adjusted
THD
Use Figure 4
-
1.5
-
-
1.0
-
-
0.8
-
%
NOTES:
2. R
A
and R
B
currents not included.
3. V
SUPPLY
= 20V; R
A
and R
B
= 10k
Ω, f •‰… 10kHz nominal; can be extended 1000 to 1. See Figures 5A and 5B.
4. 82k
Ω connected between pins 11 and 12, Triangle Duty Cycle set at 50%. (Use R
A
and R
B
.)
5. Figure 1, pins 7 and 8 connected, V
SUPPLY
=
±10V. See Typical Curves for T.C. vs V
SUPPLY
.
6. Not tested, typical value for design purposes only.
Electrical Specifications
V
SUPPLY
=
±10V or +20V, T
A
= 25
o
C, R
L
= 10k
Ω, Test Circuit Unless Otherwise Specified (Continued)
PARAMETER
SYMBOL
TEST
CONDITIONS
ICL8038CC
ICL8038BC
ICL8038AC
UNITS
MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX MIN TYP MAX
Test Conditions
PARAMETER
R
A
R
B
R
L
C
SW
1
MEASURE
Supply Current
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Current Into Pin 6
Sweep FM Range (Note 7)
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Open
Frequency at Pin 9
Frequency Drift with Temperature
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Frequency at Pin 3
Frequency Drift with Supply Voltage (Note 8)
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Frequency at Pin 9
Output Amplitude (Note 10)
Sine
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Pk-Pk Output at Pin 2
Triangle
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Pk-Pk Output at Pin 3
Leakage Current (Off) (Note 9)
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Current into Pin 9
Saturation Voltage (On) (Note 9)
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Output (Low) at Pin 9
Rise and Fall Times (Note 11)
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
4.7k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Waveform at Pin 9
Duty Cycle Adjust (Note 11)
Max
50k
Ω
~1.6k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Waveform at Pin 9
Min
~25k
Ω
50k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Waveform at Pin 9
Triangle Waveform Linearity
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Waveform at Pin 3
Total Harmonic Distortion
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
10k
Ω
3.3nF
Closed
Waveform at Pin 2
NOTES:
7. The hi and lo frequencies can be obtained by connecting pin 8 to pin 7 (f
HI
) and then connecting pin 8 to pin 6 (f
LO
). Otherwise apply Sweep
Voltage at pin 8 (
2
/
3
V
SUPPLY
+2V)
≤ V
SWEEP
≤ V
SUPPLY
where V
SUPPLY
is the total supply voltage. In Figure 5B, pin 8 should vary between
5.3V and 10V with respect to ground.
8. 10V
≤ V+ ≤ 30V, or ±5V ≤ V
SUPPLY
≤ ±15V.
9. Oscillation can be halted by forcing pin 10 to +5V or -5V.
10. Output Amplitude is tested under static conditions by forcing pin 10 to 5V then to -5V. 11. Not tested; for design purposes only.
ICL8038
4
Test Circuit
Application Information
(See Functional Diagram)
An external capacitor C is charged and discharged by two current sources. Current source #2 is switched on and off by a flip-flop, while current source #1 is on continuously. Assuming that the flip-flop is in a state such that current source #2 is off, and the capacitor is charged with a current I, the voltage across the capacitor rises linearly with time. When this voltage reaches the level of comparator #1 (set at 2/3 of the supply voltage), the flip-flop is triggered, changes states, and releases current source #2. This current source normally carries a current 2I, thus the capacitor is discharged with a
net-current I and the voltage across it drops linearly with time. When it has reached the level of comparator #2 (set at 1/3 of the supply voltage), the flip-flop is triggered into its original state and the cycle starts again.
Four waveforms are readily obtainable from this basic generator circuit. With the current sources set at I and 2I respectively, the charge and discharge times are equal. Thus a triangle waveform is created across the capacitor and the flip-flop produces a square wave. Both waveforms are fed to buffer stages and are available at pins 3 and 9.
Detailed Schematic
ICL8038
4
5
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
7
SW
1
N.C.
C 3300pF
82K
R
A
10K
R
B
10K
R
L
10K
R
TRI
R
SINE
-10V
3
+10V
FIGURE 1. TEST CIRCUIT
Q
20
Q
21
Q
19
Q
22
Q
31
Q
32
Q
33
Q
34
Q
30
Q
7
Q
6
Q
1
Q
2
Q
4
Q
8
Q
9
Q
5
Q
3
Q
14
Q
11
Q
12
Q
13
Q
24
Q
23
Q
25
Q
26
Q
29
Q
27
Q
28
Q
10
Q
15
Q
18
Q
17
Q
16
Q
35
Q
36
Q
38
Q
40
Q
37
Q
39
R
1
11K
R
2
39K
7
8
5
4
R
EXT
B
R
EXT
A
COMPARATOR
R
41
4K
R
8
5K
R
9
5K
R
10
5K
R
43
27K
R
42
27K
BUFFER AMPLIFIER
R
41
27K
R
17
4.7K
R
18
4.7K
R
14
27K
R
13
620
R
16
1.8K
R
6
100
R
5
100
R
4
100
R
3
30K
R
46
40K
C
EXT
R
7A
10K
R
7B
15K
R
44
1K
3
10
R
11
270
R
12
2.7K
R
15
470
R
24
800
2
R
21
10K
R
20
2.7K
R
19
800
FLIP-FLOP
SINE CONVERTER
Q
49
Q
50
Q
52
Q
51
Q
53
Q
55
Q
54
Q
56
Q
42
Q
41
Q
43
Q
44
Q
45
Q
46
Q
47
Q
48
6
V+
1
12
R
32
5.2K
R
33
200
R
34
375
R
35
330
R
36
1600
R
37
330
R
38
375
R
39
200
R
40
5.6K
R
EXT
C
82K
R
23
2.7K
R
22
10K
R
28
33K
R
30
33K
R
29
33K
R
31
33K
R
25
33K
R
26
33K
R
27
33K
R
45
33K
CURRENT SOURCES
9
11
ICL8038
5
The levels of the current sources can, however, be selected over a wide range with two external resistors. Therefore, with the two currents set at values different from I and 2I, an asymmetrical sawtooth appears at Terminal 3 and pulses with a duty cycle from less than 1% to greater than 99% are available at Terminal 9.
The sine wave is created by feeding the triangle wave into a nonlinear network (sine converter). This network provides a decreasing shunt impedance as the potential of the triangle moves toward the two extremes.
Waveform Timing
The symmetry of all waveforms can be adjusted with the external timing resistors. Two possible ways to accomplish this are shown in Figure 3. Best results are obtained by keeping the timing resistors R
A
and R
B
separate (A). R
A
controls the rising portion of the triangle and sine wave and the 1 state of the square wave.
The magnitude of the triangle waveform is set at
1
/
3
V
SUPPLY
; therefore the rising portion of the triangle is,
The falling portion of the triangle and sine wave and the 0 state of the square wave is:
Thus a 50% duty cycle is achieved when R
A
= R
B
.
If the duty cycle is to be varied over a small range about 50% only, the connection shown in Figure 3B is slightly more convenient. A 1k
Ω potentiometer may not allow the duty cycle
to be adjusted through 50% on all devices. If a 50% duty cycle is required, a 2k
Ω or 5kΩ potentiometer should be used.
With two separate timing resistors, the frequency is given by:
or, if R
A
= R
B
= R
t
1
C V
×
I
--------------
C 1/3 V
SUPPLY
R
A
×
×
×
0.22 V
SUPPLY
×
-------------------------------------------------------------------
R
A
C
×
0.66
------------------
=
=
=
t
2
C
V
×
1
-------------
C
1/3V
SUPPLY
×
2 0.22
(
)
V
SUPPLY
R
B
------------------------
0.22
V
SU PPLY
R
A
------------------------
-
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
R
A
R
B
C
0.66 2RA RB
-
(
)
-------------------------------------
=
=
=
f
1
t
1
t
2
+
----------------
1
R
A
C
0.66
------------
1
R
B
2R
A
R
B
-
-------------------------
+
•Žť
•Ž
•Žś
•Žź
•Ž›
•Žž
------------------------------------------------------
=
=
f
0.33
RC
-----------
(for Figure 3A)
=
FIGURE 2A. SQUARE WAVE DUTY CYCLE - 50%
FIGURE 2B. SQUARE WAVE DUTY CYCLE - 80%
FIGURE 2. PHASE RELATIONSHIP OF WAVEFORMS
FIGURE 3A.
FIGURE 3B.
FIGURE 3. POSSIBLE CONNECTIONS FOR THE EXTERNAL TIMING RESISTORS
C
82K
ICL8038
4
5
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
7
R
A
R
L
V- OR GND
3
R
B
V+
ICL8038
4
5
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
7
C
100K
R
A
R
L
V- OR GND
3
R
B
V+
1k
Ω
ICL8038
6
Neither time nor frequency are dependent on supply voltage, even though none of the voltages are regulated inside the integrated circuit. This is due to the fact that both currents and thresholds are direct, linear functions of the supply voltage and thus their effects cancel.
Reducing Distortion
To minimize sine wave distortion the 82k
Ω resistor between
pins 11 and 12 is best made variable. With this arrangement distortion of less than 1% is achievable. To reduce this even further, two potentiometers can be connected as shown in Figure 4; this configuration allows a typical reduction of sine wave distortion close to 0.5%.
Selecting R
A
, R
B
and C
For any given output frequency, there is a wide range of RC combinations that will work, however certain constraints are placed upon the magnitude of the charging current for optimum performance. At the low end, currents of less than 1
μA are undesirable because circuit leakages will contribute
significant errors at high temperatures. At higher currents (I > 5mA), transistor betas and saturation voltages will contribute increasingly larger errors. Optimum performance will, therefore, be obtained with charging currents of 10
μA to
1mA. If pins 7 and 8 are shorted together, the magnitude of the charging current due to R
A
can be calculated from:
R
1
and R
2
are shown in the Detailed Schematic.
A similar calculation holds for R
B
.
The capacitor value should be chosen at the upper end of its possible range.
Waveform Out Level Control and Power Supplies
The waveform generator can be operated either from a single power supply (10V to 30V) or a dual power supply (
±5V to ±15V). With a single power supply the average
levels of the triangle and sine wave are at exactly one-half of the supply voltage, while the square wave alternates between V+ and ground. A split power supply has the advantage that all waveforms move symmetrically about ground.
The square wave output is not committed. A load resistor can be connected to a different power supply, as long as the applied voltage remains within the breakdown capability of the waveform generator (30V). In this way, the square wave output can be made TTL compatible (load resistor connected to +5V) while the waveform generator itself is powered from a much higher voltage.
Frequency Modulation and Sweeping
The frequency of the waveform generator is a direct function of the DC voltage at Terminal 8 (measured from V+). By altering this voltage, frequency modulation is performed. For small deviations (e.g.
±10%) the modulating signal can be
applied directly to pin 8, merely providing DC decoupling with a capacitor as shown in Figure 5A. An external resistor between pins 7 and 8 is not necessary, but it can be used to increase input impedance from about 8k
Ω (pins 7 and 8
connected together), to about (R + 8k
Ω).
For larger FM deviations or for frequency sweeping, the modulating signal is applied between the positive supply voltage and pin 8 (Figure 5B). In this way the entire bias for the current sources is created by the modulating signal, and a very large (e.g. 1000:1) sweep range is created (f = Minimum at V
SWEEP
= 0, i.e., Pin 8 = V+). Care must be
taken, however, to regulate the supply voltage; in this configuration the charge current is no longer a function of the supply voltage (yet the trigger thresholds still are) and thus the frequency becomes dependent on the supply voltage. The potential on Pin 8 may be swept down from V+ by (
1
/
3
V
SUPPLY
- 2V).
ICL8038
4
5
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
7
C
100k
Ω
R
A
R
L
V- OR GND
3
R
B
V+
1k
Ω
1
10k
Ω
100k
Ω
10k
Ω
FIGURE 4. CONNECTION TO ACHIEVE MINIMUM SINE
WAVE DISTORTION
I
R
1
V+
V-
-
(
)
×
R
1
R
2
+
(
)
----------------------------------------
1
R
A
--------
×
0.22 V+ V-
-
(
)
R
A
------------------------------------
=
=
C
81K
ICL8038
4
5
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
7
R
A
R
L
V- OR GND
3
R
B
V+
R
FM
FIGURE 5A. CONNECTIONS FOR FREQUENCY MODULATION
ICL8038
7
Typical Applications
The sine wave output has a relatively high output impedance (1k
Ω Typ). The circuit of Figure 6 provides buffering, gain
and amplitude adjustment. A simple op amp follower could also be used.
With a dual supply voltage the external capacitor on Pin 10 can be shorted to ground to halt the ICL8038 oscillation. Figure 7 shows a FET switch, diode ANDed with an input strobe signal to allow the output to always start on the same slope.
To obtain a 1000:1 Sweep Range on the ICL8038 the voltage across external resistors R
A
and R
B
must decrease
to nearly zero. This requires that the highest voltage on control Pin 8 exceed the voltage at the top of R
A
and R
B
by
a few hundred mV. The Circuit of Figure 8 achieves this by using a diode to lower the effective supply voltage on the ICL8038. The large resistor on pin 5 helps reduce duty cycle variations with sweep.
The linearity of input sweep voltage versus output frequency can be significantly improved by using an op amp as shown in Figure 10.
C
81K
ICL8038
4
5
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
R
A
R
L
V- OR GND
3
R
B
V+
SWEEP
VOLTAGE
FIGURE 5B. CONNECTIONS FOR FREQUENCY SWEEP
FIGURE 5.
C
ICL8038
4
5
6 2
11
10
8
7
R
A
100K
V-
R
B
V+
AMPLITUDE
20K
+
-
741
4.7K
FIGURE 6. SINE WAVE OUTPUT BUFFER AMPLIFIERS
C
ICL8038
4
5
9
10
11
8
7
R
A
1N914
-15V
R
B
V+
STROBE
2
2N4392
1N914
15K
100K
OFF
ON
+15V (+10V) -15V (-10V)
FIGURE 7. STROBE TONE BURST GENERATOR
0.0047
μF
DISTORTION
ICL8038
5
4
6 9
2
12
11
10
8
4.7K
-10V
3
+10V
20K
4.7K
1K
DUTY CYCLE
15K
1N457
0.1
μF
100K
•‰
15M
10K
FREQ.
FIGURE 8. VARIABLE AUDIO OSCILLATOR, 20Hz TO 20kHzY
ICL8038
8
Use in Phase Locked Loops
Its high frequency stability makes the ICL8038 an ideal building block for a phase locked loop as shown in Figure 9. In this application the remaining functional blocks, the phase detector and the amplifier, can be formed by a number of available ICs (e.g., MC4344, NE562).
In order to match these building blocks to each other, two steps must be taken. First, two different supply voltages are used and the square wave output is returned to the supply of the phase detector. This assures that the VCO input voltage will not exceed the capabilities of the phase detector. If a smaller VCO signal is required, a simple resistive voltage divider is connected between pin 9 of the waveform generator and the VCO input of the phase detector.
Second, the DC output level of the amplifier must be made compatible to the DC level required at the FM input of the waveform generator (pin 8, 0.8V+). The simplest solution here is to provide a voltage divider to V+ (R
1
, R
2
as shown) if the
amplifier has a lower output level, or to ground if its level is higher. The divider can be made part of the low-pass filter.
This application not only provides for a free-running frequency with very low temperature drift, but is also has the unique feature of producing a large reconstituted sinewave signal with a frequency identical to that at the input.
For further information, see Intersil Application Note AN013, †śEverything You Always Wanted to Know About the ICL8038†ť.
SINE WAVE
ICL8038
4
5
6 3
1
12
11
10
8
7
R
1
V-/GND
2
DUTY
V
2
+
CYCLE
FREQUENCY
ADJUST
ADJ.
9
SINE WAVE
TRIANGLE
OUT
SINE WAVE ADJ.
TIMING CAP.
FM BIAS
SQUARE
WAVE
OUT
R
2
LOW PASS
FILTER
DEMODULATED
FM
AMPLIFIER
PHASE
DETECTOR
VCO
IN
INPUT
V
1
+
OUT
FIGURE 9. WAVEFORM GENERATOR USED AS STABLE VCO IN A PHASE-LOCKED LOOP
3,900pF
SINE WAVE
ICL8038
4
5
6
9
2
12
11
10
8
4.7k
Ω
3
4.7k
Ω
500
Ω
10k
Ω
1N753A
DISTORTION
FUNCTION GENERATOR
100k
Ω
+
50
μF
15V
1M
Ω
(6.2V)
HIGH FREQUENCY
SYMMETRY
100k
Ω
LOW FREQUENCY SYMMETRY
100k
Ω
+
-
741
+15V
-15V
SINE WAVE OUTPUT
+
-
741
+15V
1k
Ω
10k
Ω
OFFSET
-V
IN
P
4
1,000pF
1k
Ω
FIGURE 10. LINEAR VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR
ICL8038
9
Definition of Terms
Supply Voltage (V
SUPPLY
). The total supply voltage from
V+ to V-.
Supply Current. The supply current required from the power supply to operate the device, excluding load currents and the currents through R
A
and R
B
.
Frequency Range. The frequency range at the square wave output through which circuit operation is guaranteed.
Sweep FM Range. The ratio of maximum frequency to minimum frequency which can be obtained by applying a sweep voltage to pin 8. For correct operation, the sweep voltage should be within the range:
(
2
/
3
V
SUPPLY
+ 2V) < V
SWEEP
< V
SUPPLY
FM Linearity. The percentage deviation from the best fit straight line on the control voltage versus output frequency curve.
Output Amplitude. The peak-to-peak signal amplitude appearing at the outputs.
Saturation Voltage. The output voltage at the collector of Q
23
when this transistor is turned on. It is measured for a
sink current of 2mA.
Rise and Fall Times. The time required for the square wave output to change from 10% to 90%, or 90% to 10%, of its final value.
Triangle Waveform Linearity. The percentage deviation from the best fit straight line on the rising and falling triangle waveform.
Total Harmonic Distortion. The total harmonic distortion at the sine wave output.
Typical Performance Curves
FIGURE 11. SUPPLY CURRENT vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FIGURE 12. FREQUENCY vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE
FIGURE 13. FREQUENCY vs TEMPERATURE
FIGURE 14. SQUARE WAVE OUTPUT RISE/FALL TIME vs
LOAD RESISTANCE
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
SUPPLY
CURRENT (
m
A)
5
10
15
20
25
30
5
10
15
20
25
o
C
125
o
C
-55
o
C
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
NORMALIZE
D
FREQU
E
NCY
5
10
15
20
25
30
0.98
0.99
1.01
1.03
1.00
1.02
TEMPERATURE (
o
C)
NORMA
L
IZED F
R
E
Q
UENCY
-50
-25
0
25
75
125
0.98
0.99
1.01
1.03
1.00
1.02
30V
20V 10V
20V
30V
10V
LOAD RESISTANCE (k
Ω)
10
6
4
2
0
8
0
50
100
150
200
TIME
(ns
)
125
o
C
FALL TIME
RISE TIME
25
o
C
-55
o
C
125
o
C
25
o
C
-55
o
C
ICL8038
10
FIGURE 15. SQUARE WAVE SATURATION VOLTAGE vs
LOAD CURRENT
FIGURE 16. TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs LOAD
CURRENT
FIGURE 17. TRIANGLE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs
FREQUENCY
FIGURE 18. TRIANGLE WAVE LINEARITY vs FREQUENCY
FIGURE 19. SINE WAVE OUTPUT VOLTAGE vs FREQUENCY
FIGURE 20. SINE WAVE DISTORTION vs FREQUENCY
Typical Performance Curves
(Continued)
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
S
A
TURATION V
O
LTAGE
10
6
4
2
0
8
2
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
125
o
C
25
o
C
-55
o
C
LOAD CURRENT (mA)
NORMA
L
IZED PEAK OUTPUT
V
O
LTAGE
16
6
4
2
0
10
20
18
14
12
8
0.8
0.9
1.0
LOAD CURRENT
LOAD CURRENT TO V+
25
o
C
125
o
C
-55
o
C
TO V -
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10K
1K
100
10
1M
100K
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10K
1K
100
10
1M
100K
0.01
0.1
1.0
10.0
LINEARITY
(%)
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10K
1K
100
10
1M
100K
0.9
1.0
1.1
NORMALIZ
E
D
OUT
P
UT
VOLT
AGE
ADJUSTED
FREQUENCY (Hz)
10K
1K
100
10
1M
100K
2
4
6
DIS
T
ORT
IO
N
(%
)
0
8
10
12
UNADJUSTED
ICL8038
11
ICL8038
Dual-In-Line Plastic Packages (PDIP)
NOTES:
1. Controlling Dimensions: INCH. In case of conflict between English
and Metric dimensions, the inch dimensions control.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982. 3. Symbols are defined in the †śMO Series Symbol List†ť in Section 2.2 of
Publication No. 95.
4. Dimensions A, A1 and L are measured with the package seated in
JEDEC seating plane gauge GS-3.
5. D, D1, and E1 dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusions.
Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
6. E and
are measured with the leads constrained to be perpen-
dicular to datum
.
7. e
B
and e
C
are measured at the lead tips with the leads uncon-
strained. e
C
must be zero or greater.
8. B1 maximum dimensions do not include dambar protrusions. Dambar
protrusions shall not exceed 0.010 inch (0.25mm).
9. N is the maximum number of terminal positions.
10. Corner leads (1, N, N/2 and N/2 + 1) for E8.3, E16.3, E18.3, E28.3,
E42.6 will have a B1 dimension of 0.030 - 0.045 inch (0.76 - 1.14mm).
e
A
-C-
CL
E
e
A
C
e
B
e
C
-B-
E1
INDEX
1 2 3
N/2
N
AREA
SEATING
BASE
PLANE
PLANE
-C-
D1
B1
B
e
D
D1
A
A2
L
A1
-A-
0.010 (0.25)
C A
M
B S
E14.3
(JEDEC MS-001-AA ISSUE D)
14 LEAD DUAL-IN-LINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
SYMBOL
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
NOTES
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
-
0.210
-
5.33
4
A1
0.015
-
0.39
-
4
A2
0.115
0.195
2.93
4.95
-
B
0.014
0.022
0.356
0.558
-
B1
0.045
0.070
1.15
1.77
8
C
0.008
0.014
0.204
0.355
-
D
0.735
0.775
18.66
19.68
5
D1
0.005
-
0.13
-
5
E
0.300
0.325
7.62
8.25
6
E1
0.240
0.280
6.10
7.11
5
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
-
e
A
0.300 BSC
7.62 BSC
6
e
B
-
0.430
-
10.92
7
L
0.115
0.150
2.93
3.81
4
N
14
14
9
Rev. 0 12/93
12
All Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9000 quality systems.
Intersil Corporation’s quality certifications can be viewed at website www.intersil.com/design/quality
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be accurate and reliable. How- ever, no responsibility is assumed by Intersil or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Intersil or its subsidiaries.
For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see web site www.intersil.com
Sales Office Headquarters
NORTH AMERICA Intersil Corporation 2401 Palm Bay Rd., Mail Stop 53-204 Palm Bay, FL 32905 TEL: (321) 724-7000 FAX: (321) 724-7240
EUROPE Intersil SA Mercure Center 100, Rue de la Fusee 1130 Brussels, Belgium TEL: (32) 2.724.2111 FAX: (32) 2.724.22.05
ASIA Intersil Ltd. 8F-2, 96, Sec. 1, Chien-kuo North, Taipei, Taiwan 104 Republic of China TEL: 886-2-2515-8508 FAX: 886-2-2515-8369
ICL8038
Ceramic Dual-In-Line Frit Seal Packages (CERDIP)
NOTES:
1. Index area: A notch or a pin one identification mark shall be locat-
ed adjacent to pin one and shall be located within the shaded area shown. The manufacturer’s identification shall not be used as a pin one identification mark.
2. The maximum limits of lead dimensions b and c or M shall be
measured at the centroid of the finished lead surfaces, when solder dip or tin plate lead finish is applied.
3. Dimensions b1 and c1 apply to lead base metal only. Dimension
M applies to lead plating and finish thickness.
4. Corner leads (1, N, N/2, and N/2+1) may be configured with a
partial lead paddle. For this configuration dimension b3 replaces dimension b2.
5. This dimension allows for off-center lid, meniscus, and glass
overrun.
6. Dimension Q shall be measured from the seating plane to the
base plane.
7. Measure dimension S1 at all four corners. 8. N is the maximum number of terminal positions. 9. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M - 1982.
10. Controlling dimension: INCH.
bbb
C A - B
S
c
Q
L
A
SEATING
BASE
D
PLANE
PLANE
-D-
-A-
-C-
-B-
α
D
E
S1
b2
b
A
e
M
c1
b1
(c)
(b)
SECTION A-A
BASE
LEAD FINISH
METAL
e
A/2
A
M
S
S
ccc
C A - B
M
D
S
S
aaa
C A - B
M
D
S
S
e
A
F14.3
MIL-STD-1835 GDIP1-T14 (D-1, CONFIGURATION A)
14 LEAD CERAMIC DUAL-IN-LINE FRIT SEAL PACKAGE
SYMBOL
INCHES
MILLIMETERS
NOTES
MIN
MAX
MIN
MAX
A
-
0.200
-
5.08
-
b
0.014
0.026
0.36
0.66
2
b1
0.014
0.023
0.36
0.58
3
b2
0.045
0.065
1.14
1.65
-
b3
0.023
0.045
0.58
1.14
4
c
0.008
0.018
0.20
0.46
2
c1
0.008
0.015
0.20
0.38
3
D
-
0.785
-
19.94
5
E
0.220
0.310
5.59
7.87
5
e
0.100 BSC
2.54 BSC
-
eA
0.300 BSC
7.62 BSC
-
eA/2
0.150 BSC
3.81 BSC
-
L
0.125
0.200
3.18
5.08
-
Q
0.015
0.060
0.38
1.52
6
S1
0.005
-
0.13
-
7
α
90
o
105
o
90
o
105
o
-
aaa
-
0.015
-
0.38
-
bbb
-
0.030
-
0.76
-
ccc
-
0.010
-
0.25
-
M
-
0.0015
-
0.038
2, 3
N
14
14
8
Rev. 0 4/94
|